连续护理干预模式对脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤患者术后康复效果的研究

目的研究分析连续护理干预模式对脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤患者术后康复效果。方法本项研究回顾了2017年2月—2018年7月间在某院采取了脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤治疗的52例患者整个治疗过程的资料,将所有的患者使用数字双盲法将其分为了对照组(n=26)和观察组(n=26)。对照组患者使用护理措施为常规护理措施,观察组使用的护理措施为连续护理干预模式,在患者治疗完成后对比两个不同组别患者在围手术期期间各类指标和出现并发症概率。结果对照组患者手术下床活动时间、住院时间、住院所需费用以及患者并发症发生率均显著高于观察组,组别间数据对比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论医护人员在进行脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤患者的护理工作当中,对其采取连续护理模式可以降低患者并发症发生率,缩短患者住院时间,对患者身体的恢复具有显著意义。     

Pediatric Lisfranc variants and equivalent injuries: A review

IntroductionPediatric Lisfranc injuries are rare and a limited number of series or case reports have been published. Diagnosis can be easily missed and long-term outcome is not sufficiently presented. The primary aim of this paper is to review the literature about pediatric Lisfranc variants and equivalent injuries. This article also provides a review on Lisfranc joint anatomy, pediatric Lisfranc injuries, and stress or acute fractures involving the first and central (second to third) metatarsal (MT) bases, in an effort to detect potential pediatric Lisfranc variants and equivalent injuries, which were not accurately diagnosed.MethodsThe bibliographic survey to identify pediatric Lisfranc variants and equivalent injuries was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases, with no time limit. Four terms were used for searching in all possible combinations: Pediatric/children, Lisfranc/tarsometatarsal, variant/equivalent, injury/fracture. The only inclusion criterion was the age of the patients, which had to be less than 12 years. Reports on adolescents or adults were excluded.ResultsThe research indicated that there was only one study mentioning the pediatric Lisfranc equivalent injury, while there were no cases recorded as pediatric Lisfranc variants. The literature review regarding the final clinical outcome of both pediatric Lisfranc injuries and fractures, either stress or acute, involving the central MT base, indicated that early degenerative changes often occur, and may be responsible for chronic pain and activity limitation, even after mild and subtle low energy injuries.Discussion/ConclusionsThis review suggests that stress fractures involving the central MT base could be considered as a variant of the Lisfranc injury in children. Care should be taken to exclude occult fractures or ligamentous injuries to the medial and central Lisfranc joint complex in the presence of fractures involving the base or proximal portion of the first MT, including injuries to the physeal plate, to rule out the pediatric Lisfranc equivalent injury.     

Management of hip fracture in COVID-19 infected patients

Given that the global population of elderly individuals is expanding and the difficulty of recovery, hip fractures will be a huge challenge and a critical health issue for all of humanity. Although people have spent more time at home during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, hip fractures show no sign of abating. Extensive studies have shown that patients with hip fracture and COVID-19 have a multifold increase in mortality compared to those uninfected and a more complex clinical condition. At present, no detailed research has systematically analyzed the relationship between these two conditions and proposed a comprehensive solution. This article aims to systematically review the impact of COVID-19 on hip fracture and provide practical suggestions. We found that hip fracture patients with COVID-19 have higher mortality rates and more complicated clinical outcomes. Indirectly, COVID-19 prevents hip fracture patients from receiving regular medical treatment. With regard to the problems we encounter, we provide clinical recommendations based on existing research evidence and a clinical flowchart for the management of hip fracture patients who are COVID-19 positive. Our study will help clinicians adequately prepare in advance when dealing with such patients and optimize treatment decisions.     

Clinical course of masticatory function recovery following arthrocentesis in patients with unilateral mandibular condyle head fracture

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical course of masticatory function recovery following arthrocentesis. Patients with a unilateral condylar head fracture who underwent arthrocentesis for therapeutic reasons were evaluated and compared with patients with a unilateral condylar head fracture who did not undergo arthrocentesis. At 3 months after treatment, the occlusal contact area and maximum bite force in patients with a fracture treated with arthrocentesis were greater than in those who did not receive arthrocentesis at the same time points, although the differences were not significant. Moreover, at 1 and 3 months following arthrocentesis, mean (±SD) occlusal contact area (1 month: 1.99 ± 0.55 mm², p = 0.01; 3 months: 2.90 ± 1.36 mm², p = 0.03) and maximum bite force (1 month: 82.45 ± 15.04 N, p = 0.01; 3 months: 101.11 ± 14.53 N, p = 0.01) on the fractured side in patients who underwent that treatment were significantly reduced when compared with those on the non-fractured side. The authors conclude that if the priority is to avoid open reduction and internal fixation, then the arthrocentesis approach might be a less invasive alternative, albeit with the price of a prolonged healing interval.     

Molecular biology: a guide for orthopaedic surgeons

Fracture non-union, prosthetic joint infection and fracture-related infections are complications frequently encountered by the trauma and orthopaedic surgeon. Moreover, they pose a significant socioeconomic and healthcare burden to the society. A clear understanding of the molecular biology surrounding fracture healing, as well as the pathophysiology of orthopaedic-related infections, is of paramount importance to their successful management. The first section of this article aims to explain the basic science critical to the understanding of DNA, RNA, gene and protein expression, and the molecular techniques most commonly deployed in the diagnostic and research fields of trauma and orthopaedics. The second section provides a general overview of the molecular physiology of fracture healing and biofilm, the molecular characteristics and genetic predisposition of fracture non-union, followed by discussing recent advances in molecular techniques used in the diagnosis and treatment of fracture non-union, prosthetic joint infection and fracture-related infections.     

FRAX评估江苏镇江地区中老年人群骨折风险的回顾性研究

目的评估FRAX■工具对江苏镇江地区中老年人骨质疏松性骨折的预测价值。方法对1070例江苏镇江地区中老年人群进行分组性研究,应用FRAX■工具计算未来10年主要骨质疏松性骨折(probability of major osteoporosis fracture,PMOF)和髋部骨折的概率(probability of hip fracture,PHF),分析年龄、体质量指数、有无骨质疏松性骨折史以及不同骨量对FRAX预测结果的影响。结果随着年龄的增长10年内PMOF和PHF同步增加;随着体重指数的增加,10年内PMOF和PHF同步下降;有骨质疏松性骨折史的人群10年内PMOF和PHF明显增加;随着骨量下降,10年内PMOF和PHF逐渐增加;不同骨量受人群在不同骨质疏松骨折风险组中的分布不同。在骨质疏松性骨折高风险人群中,骨质疏松者占78.1%,低骨量者占20.7%,正常骨量者占1.3%。结论FRAX■工具可用于江苏镇江地区中老年人群骨质疏松骨折风险的评估。FRAX■工具可能低估了低骨量人群的骨质疏松性骨折的风险,该工具对中老年低骨量人群的预测价值值得进一步研究。     

胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折治疗后BMD、BGP变化的Meta分析

目的系统评价胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折在接受复方骨肽注射液治疗后骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、骨钙素(bone gla protein,BGP)的变化。方法制定检索策略并检索目前国内外公开发表的中、英文数据库,应用Review Manager 5.3对纳入文献中所提取的数据资料进行分析。结果复方骨肽组与对照组相比,其治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折的总有效率显著高于后者(OR:7.51; 95%CI:4.40～12.83; P0.00001);其骨痛强度评分更低(WMD:-1.62; 95%CI:-1.94～-1.29; P0.00001)、骨密度值更高(WMD:0.04; 95%CI:0.01～0.07; P0.05)、血清骨钙素更高(WMD:2.01; 95%CI:1.44～2.58; P 0.00001)、中度骨痛病例数更少(OR:0.32; 95%CI:0.17～0.58; P 0.05)、重度骨痛病例数更少(OR:0.14; 95%CI:0.06～0.32; P0.00001),轻度骨痛病例数相对更多(OR:1.63; 95%CI:0.38～6.98; P0.05),但差异并无统计学意义。结论胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折患者在接受复方骨肽治疗后,其骨密度、血清骨钙素等指标优于对照组,可缓解骨痛症状,具有积极的临床意义。     

Risks and benefits of timely screw removal after thoracolumbar spine fractures treated with non-fusion technique

BackgroundPercutaneous-short segment screw fixation (SSSF) without bone fusion has proven to be a safe and effective modality for thoracolumbar spine fractures (TLSFs). When fracture consolidation is confirmed, pedicle screws are no longer essential, but clear indications for screw removal following fracture consolidation have not been established.MethodsIn total, we enrolled 31 patients with TLSFs who underwent screw removal following treatment using percutaneous-SSSF without fusion. Plain radiographs, taken at different intervals, measured local kyphosis using Cobb’ angle (CA), vertebra body height (VBH), and the segmental motion angle (SMA). A visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) were applied pre-screw removal and at the last follow-up.ResultsThe overall mean CA deteriorated by 1.58° (p < 0.05) and the overall mean VBH decreased by 0.52 mm (p = 0.001). SMA preservation was achieved in 18 patients (58.1%) and kyphotic recurrence occurred in 4 patients (12.9%). SMA preservation was statistically significant in patients who underwent screw removal within 12 months following the primary operation (p = 0.002). Kyphotic recurrence occurred in patients with a CA ≥ 20° at injury (p < 0.001) with a median interval of 16.5 months after screw removal. No patients reported worsening pain or an increased ODI score after screw removal.ConclusionScrew removal within 12 months can be recommended for restoration of SMA with improvement in clinical outcomes. Although, TLSFs with CA ≥ 20° at the time of injury can help to predict kyphotic recurrence after screw removal, the clinical outcomes are less relevant.     

Does use of a quadrilateral surface plate improve outcome in elderly acetabular fractures?

BackgroundAcetabular fractures in the elderly frequently involve segmental quadrilateral plate injury, yet no consensus exists on how to best control the femoral head medial displacement. Quadrilateral surface plates (QSP) were developed to help buttress these challenging fractures. The study aims to 1) Determine the prevalence of segmental quadrilateral plate fractures (SQPF) in elderly patients; and 2) Assess if utilization of a QSP is associated with improved acetabulum fracture reduction and outcome.MethodsThis was a retrospective study conducted at a level-1 trauma centre. . All patients over 60-years that sustained an acetabular fracture between 2007 and 2019 were reviewed. Pre-operative pelvic radiographs and CT imaging were reviewed for 96 patients, to assess for SQPF. From the 96 patients reviewed, over one third of patients (n = 40, 41.6%) sustained a SQPF. Patients that had an acute-THA (n = 7) were excluded as were patients that underwent an ORIF but did not have a QSP or an anterior column buttress plate (n = 3). The remaining 30 formed the study’s cohort. We assessed the ability to achieve and maintain reduction in this elderly population, and compared outcomes using traditional anterior column buttress plates (ilioingual or intra-pelvic approach) versus an intra-pelvic pre-contoured buttress suprapectineal plate (QSP). Outcome measures included: fracture reduction using the Matta classification (desirable: anatomical/imperfect and poor), re-operations, conversion to THA and Oxford Hip Score (OHS) (for the preserved hips).ResultsTen patients had an ORIF with utilization of a QSP (QSP-group), and 20 had an ORIF but did not have the QSP (non-QSP-group). There was no difference in patient demographics between groups. Fracture patterns were also similar (p = 0.6). Postoperative fracture reduction was desirable (anatomical/imperfect) in 17 patients and poor in 13. Improved ability to achieve a desirable reduction was seen in the QSP-group (p = 0.02). Conversion to THA was significantly lower in patients that had a desirable fracture reduction (appropriate: 3/17; poor: 7/13). No patients in the QSP-group have required a THA to-date, compared to 10/20 patients in the non-QSP-group (p = 0.01). The mean time to THA was 1.6 ± 2.1 year. There was no difference in OHS between the two groups (34.4 ± 10.3).ConclusionElderly acetabulum fractures have a high incidence (approaching 40%) of segmental QPF. Desirable (anatomical/imperfect) fracture reduction was associated with improved outcome. The use of a QSP was associated with improved ability to achieve an appropriate reduction. A QSP should be considered as they are both reliable and reproducible with a significantly improved fracture reduction and lower conversion to THA.